Biodiversity

 Biodiversity

Biodiversity, Ecosystems

According to the convention, biodiversity is the variability among living things from all sources, including the interactions of terrestrial, coastal, oceanic, and marine ecosystems terrestrial, coastal, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes in which other aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which living things are part of.

In other words, biodiversity is all life on this earth like plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms as well as various genetic materials microorganisms, and the diversity of ecological systems in which they live, the abundance and genetic diversity of organisms that come from all habitats: land, sea, and other aquatic systems.

Humans, Human activities

Humans being the most intelligent species on the planet, are also the most dependent on nature to sustain their basic. Over the years, humans have chosen to use nature to sustain their needs. Consciously or not, some of the things we do harm Nature. Imagine if there weren't nitrogen-fixing bacteria, we would never be able to grow crops. Humans are very dependent on nature with its biodiversity. We should be able to live in harmony.

In recent years, biodiversity has continued to decrease. Human activities harm biodiversity causing biodiversity to continue to decrease.

Habitat Loss

The IUCN Card (International Union for Conservation of Nature) red list shows that habitat loss resulting from unsustainable agriculture and forest management is the biggest cause of biodiversity loss. The fish bomb usage also harms marine ecosystems. The growing population has led to more and more needs to be. Meanwhile, the available land for animals and plants is decreasing, which is used as a place for people to live, agricultural, or being used as industrial land.

Species Introduction

The introduction of alien species into an area crowds out local species that are important and rare species found in the area. Some of these alien species can become invasive by dominating the ecosystem. This can disrupt the balance of the existing ecosystem and cause a loss of biodiversity because foreign species can be stronger than local species so the sustainability of local species is threatened. For example, an island that is inhabited by many deer, then some lions are introduced to the island. Species introduction that occurs is the use of superior rice that has wiped out traditional rice.

Excessive Exploitation

Advanced technology allows humans to hunt anything including wild animals. Because of their high selling value, many people are willing to overexploit them without thinking about future generations. As a result, the population of some animal species continues to decrease and is almost extinct. Tags Exploitation of Forest Timber for Building Materials and Yellowfin Tuna is expensive and in high demand, but this hurts the extinction of species. Especially if it is not balanced with efforts to replant forests can also disrupt the ecosystem and cause biodiversity loss.

Pollution

Pollutants are waste products resulting from human activities. Pollutants contaminate water, air, and soil. Pollutants are harmful to organisms. Nitrogen and sulfur oxides from motor vehicles react with water to form acid rain, which damages the ecosystem. Excessive use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) causes holes in the ozone layer of the atmosphere. The impact of the problem is that the intensity of ultraviolet rays entering the earth is increasing which causes various problems such as the reduction of phytoplankton biomass in the oceans which disrupts the balance of the food chain of organisms.

The pollution in big cities has become increasingly alarming. Many people casually throw garbage and waste into the river. Even though the river is a place where various types of fish and aquatic plants live. coastal ecosystems are also disturbed because of this pollution. The use of pesticides and artificial fertilizers is also harmful to the soil. The soil will be polluted and become infertile. The pollutants from motor vehicles and factories contribute to air pollution which can lead to global warming making the polar uncomfortable for polar animals to live in. All these pollutions will eventually lead to biodiversity loss.

Industrialization of Agriculture and Forests

Generally, farmers are growing plants or raising animals that are superior and beneficial. Less superior and less profitable plants and animals will be removed. In addition, agricultural land or industrial forests generally plant one type of plant (monoculture), such as rubber, tea, and coffee. The impact will reduce species-level biodiversity.